How Should a Helmet Fit? Find the Right Size for Safety

How should a helmet fit? A helmet should fit snugly but comfortably, sitting level on your head and covering your forehead. It shouldn’t move excessively when you shake your head. Finding the proper helmet fit is crucial for safety, and this article will guide you through the process.

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Why Helmet Fit Matters

A helmet’s primary job is to protect your head in case of an impact. But a helmet can only do its job if it fits correctly. A helmet that’s too loose can shift during a crash, leaving parts of your head exposed. A helmet that’s too tight can cause discomfort and even headaches, potentially distracting you and increasing your risk of an accident. A snug helmet fit is vital.

Steps to Achieve Proper Helmet Fit

Here’s a step-by-step guide to finding the right helmet size and ensuring a secure and comfortable helmet fit.

1. Measure Your Head

The first step is measuring head for helmet. Use a flexible measuring tape to determine the circumference of your head. Wrap the tape around your head about one inch (2.5 cm) above your eyebrows and ears. Make sure the tape is level all the way around. Note the measurement in centimeters or inches. This measurement is the key to using a helmet size chart.

2. Consult the Helmet Size Chart

Every helmet manufacturer has a helmet size chart that corresponds to their specific models. Find the size chart for the brand and model of helmet you’re interested in. Match your head measurement to the chart to determine the recommended helmet size. Keep in mind that sizes can vary between brands, so don’t assume your size is the same across all helmets.

Here’s an example of what a typical adult helmet size chart looks like:

Size	Head Circumference (cm)	Head Circumference (in)
X-Small	51-52	20-20.5
Small	53-55	20.9-21.7
Medium	55-59	21.7-23.2
Large	59-62	23.2-24.4
X-Large	62-64	24.4-25.2

Note: Always refer to the manufacturer’s specific chart, as these measurements can vary.

3. Try On the Helmet

Once you’ve identified the recommended size, it’s time to try on the helmet. Here’s what to look for:

• Initial Fit: The helmet should sit level on your head, covering your forehead. The front edge of the helmet should be about one inch (2.5 cm) above your eyebrows.
• Snugness: The helmet should feel snug but not too tight. You should feel even pressure around your head.
• Movement Test: With the helmet on and the chinstrap unbuckled, try to move the helmet from side to side and front to back. If the helmet moves easily, it’s too big.
• Chin Strap: Buckle the chin strap and tighten it until it’s snug under your chin. You should be able to fit one or two fingers between the strap and your chin.
• Jaw Movement: Open your mouth wide. The helmet should pull down slightly. If it doesn’t, the chin strap may be too loose, or the helmet may be too big.

4. Check for Helmet Pressure Points

After wearing the helmet for a few minutes, check for any helmet pressure points. These are areas where the helmet feels uncomfortably tight, often on the forehead or temples. Pressure points can cause headaches and discomfort, making it less likely you’ll wear the helmet consistently. If you experience pressure points, try a different size or a different helmet model. Some helmets have adjustable padding that can help alleviate pressure points.

5. Adjust the Helmet Retention System

The helmet retention system, which includes the chinstrap and any other adjustment mechanisms, is crucial for keeping the helmet in place during a crash. Ensure the chinstrap is properly adjusted so that the helmet sits securely on your head. Many helmets also have a rear adjustment dial or internal padding system that allows you to fine-tune the fit.

6. Understand Helmet Safety Standards

All helmets sold in regulated markets must meet certain helmet safety standards. These standards ensure that the helmet provides a minimum level of protection. Look for helmets certified by organizations such as:

• CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission): This is the standard for bicycle helmets in the United States.
• ASTM International: This organization develops standards for a wide range of helmets, including those used for sports and recreation.
• EN 1078: This is the European standard for bicycle, skateboard, and roller skate helmets.
• Snell Memorial Foundation: This organization tests and certifies helmets to a higher standard than required by law.

Choosing a helmet that meets these standards provides assurance that it has been tested and proven to offer adequate protection.

Key Helmet Fitting Tips

Here are some additional helmet fitting tips to help you find the perfect fit:

• Try on multiple helmets: Don’t settle for the first helmet you try on. Try on several different models and sizes to find the one that fits best.
• Consider helmet shape: Helmets come in different shapes to accommodate different head shapes. Some helmets are more oval, while others are more round. Try to find a helmet shape that matches your head shape.
• Replace your helmet after a crash: Even if a helmet looks undamaged after a crash, the protective foam inside may have been compressed. Replace your helmet after any impact.
• Replace your helmet every 3-5 years: Over time, the materials in a helmet can degrade, reducing its effectiveness. Replace your helmet every 3-5 years, even if you haven’t crashed.
• Wear the helmet correctly: Always wear the helmet level on your head, covering your forehead. Don’t wear a hat under your helmet, as this can affect the fit.
• Adjust the straps every time: Make sure to adjust the chinstrap and other straps every time you wear the helmet to ensure a snug and secure fit.
• Pay attention to ventilation: Good ventilation can help keep you cool and comfortable while riding. Look for a helmet with vents that allow air to flow through.
• Consider the type of activity: Different activities may require different types of helmets. For example, a bicycle helmet is designed to protect against impacts from falls, while a motorcycle helmet is designed to protect against impacts at higher speeds.
• Read the instruction manual: Each helmet comes with a manual describing how to properly adjust it.

Specific Helmet Types and Fitting Considerations

The general principles of helmet fit apply to all types of helmets, but there are some specific considerations for different activities:

Bicycle Helmets

• Fit: Bicycle helmets should fit snugly and cover the forehead.
• Retention: The chinstrap should be adjusted so that you can fit one or two fingers between the strap and your chin.
• Ventilation: Look for a helmet with good ventilation to keep you cool while riding.
• MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System): Consider a helmet with MIPS technology, which is designed to reduce rotational forces in a crash.

Motorcycle Helmets

• Fit: Motorcycle helmets should fit very snugly and cover the entire head and neck.
• Retention: The chinstrap should be securely fastened and adjusted so that the helmet does not move during a crash.
• Certification: Look for a helmet that is DOT (Department of Transportation) approved or certified by Snell or ECE (Economic Commission for Europe).
• Visor: Choose a helmet with a clear visor that provides good visibility.
• Full-face vs. Open-face: Full-face helmets offer the most protection, while open-face helmets provide more ventilation.

Ski and Snowboard Helmets

• Fit: Ski and snowboard helmets should fit snugly and cover the forehead and ears.
• Retention: The chinstrap should be adjusted so that the helmet does not move during a fall.
• Ventilation: Look for a helmet with adjustable vents to regulate temperature.
• Compatibility: Make sure the helmet is compatible with your goggles.
• MIPS: Consider a helmet with MIPS technology.

Sports Helmets (Skateboarding, Hockey, etc.)

• Fit: These helmets should fit snugly and cover the areas specific to the sport (e.g., a hockey helmet should protect the sides of the head).
• Retention: The chinstrap or other retention system should keep the helmet firmly in place during activity.
• Certification: Check for certifications specific to the sport, such as CSA for hockey helmets.
• Padding: Ensure sufficient padding for impact absorption in the relevant areas.

What If You’re Between Sizes?

If your head measurement falls between two sizes on the helmet size chart, it’s generally recommended to choose the smaller size. You can then adjust the fit using the helmet’s internal padding system. If the smaller size feels too tight or causes pressure points, then opt for the larger size and use thinner padding or aftermarket fit kits to customize the fit.

The Importance of Replacement

Helmets are designed to absorb impact energy through partial destruction of the shell and liner. Thus, even if a helmet appears undamaged after an impact, its ability to protect in a future incident is compromised. Always replace a helmet after any crash, regardless of apparent damage. Additionally, the materials in helmets degrade over time due to UV exposure, sweat, and general wear. Manufacturers recommend replacing helmets every 3 to 5 years, even if they haven’t been involved in an accident.

Helmet Safety Standards and Certifications in Depth

Deciphering the alphabet soup of helmet certifications is important for ensuring you are buying a helmet that has been independently tested and meets minimum safety requirements.

Here’s a detailed look at common helmet safety standards:

Certification	Issuing Body	Geographic Region	Helmet Type	Key Features
CPSC 1203	Consumer Product Safety Commission (US)	United States	Bicycle helmets (for ages 5 and older)	Impact testing, strap strength, coverage area
ASTM F1447	ASTM International	International	Bicycle helmets	Impact testing, penetration resistance, retention system strength
EN 1078	European Committee for Standardization (CEN)	Europe	Bicycle, skateboard, roller skate helmets	Impact testing, retention system strength, field of vision
Snell B90/B95	Snell Memorial Foundation	International	Bicycle, motorcycle, other sports helmets	More rigorous impact testing than other standards, multiple impact testing, testing at various temperatures
DOT FMVSS 218	Department of Transportation (US)	United States	Motorcycle helmets	Impact testing, penetration resistance, retention system strength
ECE 22.05/22.06	Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)	Europe	Motorcycle helmets	Wider range of testing parameters than DOT, including high and low-speed impacts, oblique impacts, and visor testing
CSA	Canadian Standards Association	Canada	Hockey helmets, other sports helmets	Sport-specific impact testing, penetration resistance, facial protection requirements

Key Considerations When Choosing a Certified Helmet:

• Understand the Standards: Each standard focuses on different aspects of helmet performance. Research the specific requirements of each certification to ensure it aligns with your needs.
• Look for the Label: Always check for the certification label inside the helmet. This label indicates that the helmet has been tested and meets the requirements of the standard.
• Verify the Certification: Be wary of counterfeit or misleading certifications. Check the issuing body’s website to verify that the helmet model is actually certified.
• Consider the Sport or Activity: Different sports and activities have different impact risks. Choose a helmet that is certified for the specific activity you will be participating in.
• Latest Version: Ensure the certification is the latest version as standards evolve over time to incorporate the latest safety research.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: How do I know if my helmet is too small?
A: A helmet is likely too small if it causes pressure points, especially on your forehead or temples, even after adjusting the fit. You may also have difficulty getting it on or off.

Q: Can I wear a baseball cap under my helmet?
A: It’s not recommended to wear a baseball cap or any other bulky item under your helmet, as this can affect the fit and reduce its effectiveness.

Q: What should I do if my helmet doesn’t fit properly, even after adjusting the straps?
A: If you can’t get a proper fit with the straps, try a different size or a different helmet model. Helmet shapes vary, and some may fit your head better than others.

Q: How often should I replace my helmet?
A: Replace your helmet after any crash, even if it looks undamaged. You should also replace your helmet every 3-5 years, as the materials can degrade over time.

Q: What are MIPS helmets, and are they worth it?
A: MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System) helmets are designed to reduce rotational forces in a crash. They are worth considering, as rotational forces can contribute to brain injuries.

Q: How tight should the chin strap be?
A: The chin strap should be snug enough that you can only fit one or two fingers between the strap and your chin.

Q: Are more expensive helmets safer?
A: A higher price doesn’t always guarantee better protection. Focus on finding a helmet that fits properly and meets relevant safety standards. More expensive helmets may offer additional features like better ventilation or lighter weight, but the primary safety function should be the same.

By following these guidelines and helmet fitting tips, you can find a helmet that fits properly and provides the protection you need. Always prioritize safety and choose a helmet that meets relevant helmet safety standards. A snug helmet fit is a safe helmet fit.